African American History During The 19th Century Essay

The texts taken together describe the development of African Americans from the 16th century to the 19th century. They reveal how their status changed to one of complete submission and their lower position codified within the law. However they also reveal how they were able to make a difference and help secure their own freedom. Common themes present in the texts are resistance and creolization. The texts are significant in that they show how African Americans were able to adapt to life in America. How they were able to make the most of the cheap food that was available to them and attempt to negotiate a place for themselves and their families. However, they also make it abundantly clear that the enslaved did not meekly submit to the injustices forced upon them and that they instead resisted whenever possible whether openly or in a more subtle way. The texts collectively describe the development of African American History from the colonial era to the American Civil War. They begin with the Creoles who were intermediaries â€Å"between African merchants and European Sea Captains.† Their mixed heritage gave them an advantage because they were able â€Å"to transcend the confines of particular nations.† Unfortunately for them, this also made them more vulnerable due to their being effectively stateless. Creoles along with Africans from the interior were transported as slaves to the Americas. In spite of this they attempted to maintain as much independence as possible with varyingShow MoreRelatedAmericanization of Foods: Food is traditionally considered as a simple means of subsistence but1400 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup customs. In the early 17th and 18th centuries, this mere means of subsistence was considered as a class maker but developed to become a symbol of national identity in the 19th centuries. In the United States, food has been influenced by various cultures such as Native American, Latin America, and Asian cultures. Consequently, Americans have constantly Americanized the foods of different cultures to become American foods. The process on how Americans have Americanized different cultures’ foodsRead More Reconstruction in the 20th Century Essay examples584 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The beginning of the 20th century was a memorable time in history for the United States. This time period drastically changed our country politically and socially by reform. The Presidents that ruled our country during this era were especially powerful and made many differenc es, women and African Americans were starting to take a stand, and our country was able to make it all the way through the Great Depression. All of these events that took place in the early 1900sRead MoreRelationships And Culture Of Early 19th Century America And Their Ramifications1526 Words   |  7 PagesLong Essay: Relationships of Vulnerable Groups to the Identity and Culture of Early 19th-Century America and their Ramifications Back in the early 1800s, the United States of America had been a country associated with the promise of liberty, autonomy from tyrannical rule, and the unalienable rights specified in the formative Declaration of Independence - life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As a consequence of the formation of the country and its promises, several diverse groups had flockedRead MoreEssay On How Have We Fail1123 Words   |  5 Pagesand foremost duty to make that vision a reality since these values are the very foundation of America. But throughout history, America has suffered from racism, injustice, exploitation of labor and gender inequality, and is still suffering from such issues to some extent. Events like the establishment of Jim Crow system, thousands of labor strikes throughout the 19th and 20th century and the long struggle of women to earn equal rights only remind us of our failure. The belief that â€Å"all men are createdRead MoreThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they would have to form their own government. Their first official form of government failed, but they learned from their mistakes and promptly followed up by making quite possibly the most successful constitution ever in 1776. To ensure that American citizens would enjoy their new freedom, our founders kept in mind what John Locke had said in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding â€Å"life, liberty, and property,† by coining â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† into the final draftRead MoreAfrican American And The American1464 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American The beginning of our nation there were many battles between the Native American and the arrives of the European such as the Spanish, The English, The French, and Dutch. In those battle, the Native American had to fight for their lands, they were mistreated, and usually they were called, â€Å"Savage† but Native American weren’t the only people who suffer throughout history. African American, Irish, Mexican, Japaneses , Asian, Germany, Chinese and many more suffer in the hand of the EnglishRead MoreAfrican American History For The Past Century974 Words   |  4 PagesThe African-American History from the Late 19th Century through the Present course was very informative and educational. This course offered a broader view at looking and analyzing the history of African-American in the United States. Though, I have read extensively and possessed a small collection of books on the subject, this course has affirmed what I have already knew as well as elevating my knowledge o n the subject. The course also opened up new ways to look and understand certain facts aboutRead MoreThe Soul of Black Folk and Up from Slavery1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe Soul of Black Folk and Up From Slavery The turn of the 19th century was a time in American history that brought with it major economic, cultural, and political changes. The Reconstruction era and Gilded Age had ended with rising influential Jim Crow laws, which made a clear division among the American population. The publishing of Booker T. Washingtons, Up from Slavery and W. E. B. Du Boiss, The Souls of Black Folk both occurred in the early 1900s when oppression of the black race in AmericaRead MoreOrder 1466 US Domestic Issues And The World Late 19th Early 20th Century744 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: US domestic issues and the world (late 19th-early 20th century) Introduction America has a very rich history when it comes to domestic policies, socioeconomic conditions and culture. The domestic policies, socioeconomics conditions and culture affect all aspect of American peoples’ lives. They shape and define the people identity. However, as world progressed these factors of life began to change taking the modernity culture and some of them began taking differentRead MoreKnowledge Is Power, It Is The Essential Key To Success1587 Words   |  7 Pagesrepeating past failures. The history of African-American journey from ancient times in African to slavery to the civil war and the freeing of the slaves to the present day, seems like a smooth flow, sugar coating the coarse and undeniable bitter experience that was placed out. The idea of saving the nation from the Negro problem to the racial destiny gives a clear picture of the different experiences African-American had endured. A successful African American history professor Khalil Gibran Muhammad

A Study Showing How Individuals in a Team Witnessed or...

This study showed how individuals in a team, witnessed or experienced interpersonal aggression. The main areas that this study was based on was interpersonal aggression and team diversity. Interpersonal aggression is described to be humiliating, denigrating or ignoring a colleague which can take a significant toll on or at the workplace. Studies have shown that employees that go through interpersonal aggression show signs at their workplace, such as health problems, job dissatisfaction and maybe even distress. The purpose of this study was to understand when this aggression occurs, how and why interpersonal aggression occurs. The place that this study was observed by is the workplace of the participants along with its diversity team.†¦show more content†¦Team diversity is used in this study to see each of the individuals in how they operate together in a team or in the same workplace and to see what the individuals can contribute to the group or team. There are three social trends that govern the team diversity in the nursing workplace such as females being prominent in the nursing field, having a slow increase in males in the nursing field and shortage of nurses in the local clinics, opening the opportunities for other minorities and immigrants to have a job. The studys methods were to take the 30 nurses and assess them with questionnaires daily. At least five Registered Nurses had to be assigned to the morning shift three times a week. The nurses in the morning had a choice to control what will happen for the rest of the shifts to make a change in the routine, like a paradigm shift, to see a result if an interpersonal aggression will occur.When it came to the race, sex, and age those factors did not have any change in the study. Like many other studies, a demographic information was taken along with the distribution of questionnaires. The interpersonal aggression was measured by the questionnaire that touched upon the aggressive behavior that hap pened during their shift either to them or to another person. When they had separated the information for the team diversity there was no significance and their hypothesis only proved partial part ofShow MoreRelatedPopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accessible to everyone. Popular culture is far more widespread than high culture and in the United Statesand in Europe, for example, it is dominated by television, films and recorded popular music. [2] I have chosen to study popular culture and its influence on violent behaviour, because, as is stated in its definition, popular culture is, accessible to everyone. These hugely accessible forms of media influence all of us, everyday, wherever we go. 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Advertising Strategies in Sri Lankan Market Free Essays

string(41) " Singer has done it is other way around\." FMCG Product – Panadol Advertisement Most of Panadol advertisements are really consistent with Brand Identity . This advertisement also carries the brand identity well. When we analysis this advertisement, it is a reinforcement advertisement while educating customers how to use the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Strategies in Sri Lankan Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Panadol is mass product but different advertising campaigns run to attract each segment such as middle class customers, upper class customers, children, elders and some sickness and general brand building advertisements. Each campaign is not badly affected on the other segment . If we compare this advertisement with Three wheeler driver and the self-employed mother advertisement we can understand the difference well. But all campaigns carry the Brand identity well. This advertisement was targeted upper middle and upper level customers who are educated enough to decide their OTC drugs without getting doctor’s recommendation. Non educated mother never do it without asking doctor. Brand is more prominent throughout the advertisement. Brand positioning is also well establish in this advertisement. Panadol is trust painkiller for many years in Sri Lanka and people believe it is best solution for small sickness. This advertisement also show the trustiness of happy mother with three children Consumer Insight Consumer insight of this panadol advertisement is that the mother is a family knows about her children well than any other person and mother’s caring is not compare with anybody else. Our mother knows how much we eat, how much we drink, what we need, what we like and dislike and children are so bonded with mother than father. Mother’s primary responsibility to care all her children. She is the family member who decide what and how much for each person. This insight is true in majority of Sri Lankan families. Even elder children are depend on their mother. Sometime, even father is depending on mothers opinion for this kind of situation. Advertising Idea Panadol wanted to use this insight and educate customer to use Panadol as OTC drug for their children without doctors’ prescription. But due to it is drug, they should use the perfect dosage. Therefore , the person who gives medicine for children should be well aware about this. And Mother is the perfect person for this. However, she should follow the age and weight of child to decide the dosage. With panadol box images advertisement well explain the dosage and benefits of the product.. Relevance to Brand and the Consumer It is relevance to brand and consumer both. By educating target customers how to use it as OTC drug, they can achieve the brand targets . it is the perfect way to use the panadol for children. We know for sure, for elders, two panadol is enough. But for children, the ml dosage is varying with the age and weight. Some mothers just do it as doctor prescribe only. But if you know the age and weight we can do it ourselves. This advertisement carry this message to consumer. Every mother knows the age of her children and weight with immunization record book. Further weight measurement for toddler and kids are primary responsibility of mothers. Therefore it is difficult to convince the message and consumer or parents are more confidence about what they give to her child. Use of Symbols and Colors Panadol is a mass product and their advertising campaigns are targeted for each segment. This advertisement was for middle, upper level customers , specially educated mothers to reinforce the brand. They are more forward to take own decision. The mother of the advertisement shows the target market well. Environment of the advertisement school children’s water bottle, and the house environment shows the target market precisely. Orange, red and mixed yellow has used to keep the brand constancy of brand colors. And blue, pink and green used to highlight the children for water bottles. Kitchen, and rack of medicine also indicate the middle and upper level consumers Product and brand is well established in the advertisement. Mother ( model ) is giving high attention to bottle of Panadol and box of panadol is highly emphasizing with the brand. That means brand and the product is the hero of the advertisement. Consumer Learning and Involvement It is a cognitive learning for consumers. They have to understand how to use the product. Before give panadol for little children ( specially infants and kids) mother or parents should know about exact dosage for their child. With the growth of child, dosage is changing. The chart of the box of Panadol well explain it and advertisement also try to get attention to that by high lighting three age limits with different dosage. This product is low involvement product. Customer do not need or research extensively before buying panadol. It is OTC drug more similar to FMCG products. However this advertisement is not fully emotional ad to create emotional feeling of customers.. It is educating customer to think before use Panadol for children by showing how to use panadol for different age. Customer insight is used to bring the emotional feeling with showing mothers’ day today life extend to caring her children. Suggestions to Improve Overall this Panadol advertisement is good enough to educate target customers to use the correct dosage for children and it is mx of rational and emotional advertisement. However there are some improvements can be suggested as well. The model they use for mother is not preciously matching to target audience. If a mother has three children, she should be 30 plus ( average). And this model is too young for the real mother position. They have not use three children there. But use three water bottles and some cartoon dolls to explain about three children. They could use three children from different age limit with situation where they can use Panadol before going to doctor consultation. Such as small increase in temperature etc. Durable Product – Singer Washing Machine Buying a Washing Machine is a high involvement decision and Singer has done it is other way around. You read "Advertising Strategies in Sri Lankan Market" in category "Essay examples" By using customer insight, they have convert this high involvement rational decision to low involvement and more convenience product similar to FMCG product as a gift giving with a surprise to wife. This advertisement is encourage the middle level consumers to buy a washing machine with easy payment option. Consumer Insight In Asian culture including Sri Lanka , middle class house wives are more indirect demanders. They never asking what they need from husband but to expect husband to understand all her needs and fulfill. House wife do all the home work and husband take the responsibility for earning and spending too. Sometimes Spending will do together. But due to wife is not earning, she is more towards to other way. However, every women love to have many electronic items at her home even though it is necessary or not. If we look at middle income level houses, ladies are more towards collecting those durable items. Advertising Idea This advertisement has used this insight of women and the culture to encourage men to think about their wives and fulfill their needs to have better family life. Advertisement shows the difficulty of women face at home which is not always visible to husbands due to they are away from home day time. But wife do great job with caring the come. However, middle income level people do not have the affordability for a washing machine. That is the main reason that wife also not demanding such expensive item, even though she love to have one. Advertisement offer the solution by offering easy payment option. Relevance to Brand and the Consumer Signer is not a premium brand but offer durable products. Therefore depending only on high income earners will not enough and all companies and brands who are in the industry is expending the target market with different approaches. Easy payment option is the best method to encourage this segment. It clearly explained the relevance of product and brand showing the requirement of the product for clothes cleaning. From the point of customer also, it is highly relevant. We all need to clean our clothes and when the number of family members is increasing, this is a major task of house wife’s everyday life. Use of Symbols and Colors This advertisement try to use symbols and colors to convey the message well keeping the brand identity too. To demonstrate the middle income level family they have use the urban flat house. The seriousness of washing and leaning is showing with extended family, wife, husband, one child and grand father too. House wife is well demonstrate, she is cleaning clothes alone and preparing meals and serving to family members. All others are waiting on dining table. Color usage of the advertisement is not very much effective. Blue, yellow and red used for clothes, but it is not consisted wi th the Singer Brand. To demonstrate the consumer insight, they have used the grandfather to create the credibility of the insight ( Ganu Kawada da hitha Kiwwe) Brand and the product is well established. The need of product is highly emphasizing. Showing the actual product and the brand, advertisement try to get the attention from viewers for the brand and product Consumer Learning and Involvement This area is debatable in this advertisement. Normally durable products are high involvement decision making and consumer learning also high. It should be cognitive learning of how to use, benefits, features etc. However , this advertisement is created based on totally consumer insight mention above arose the emotional feeling of consumers to think about house wife. Cognitive learning on this advertisement is to think about, how women think and their expectations. It is persuade to buy the product with easy payment system Suggestions to Improve As explained above , even though this is durable product, it has gone as low involvement product and use the consumer insight of surprising wife with gift giving. It is no argue, this insight is great to influence consumers. However, due to this is not a product which is just use and remove, it should be selected carefully. That message is not deliver through this advertisement. If it can explain the features of benefits, it will be more benefits for their buying decisions. It just say about easy payment method, but customer has to research about it. In that case it is high involvement decision. Further , they should use color in theme to distinguish the brand from other competitor brands. Because easy payment method is not a unique method for them, it is common to all other competitors too. They could use some nice song or music to remind the brand. Service Advertisement – Janashakthi Full Option Janashakthi full Option advertising campaign is encouraging customers to use the full option insurance which bundle some additional services. This campaign is integrated marketing communication campaign and Press advertisement is one medium which is extending from TV commercials. They have taken one last part of the TV commercial and emphasis the services they offer. Consumer Insight This entire campaign has built based on some unexpected difficulties in real life such as days without having daily income is more difficult, unexpected happing at special movement is really embarrassing our lives etc. Advertising Idea This entire advertising campaign based on this insight, when we have difficulties and missing something, our lives are not complete and we are not comfortable as well. Unexpected situations in life may not be avoided. We should have backup plans to make it easy when we face such a situation and insurance is one way to do it. Janashakthi full option offers some benefits to make customers life easy and great. Relevance to Brand and the Consumer Getting customer attention is very important for Brand and the product, motor insurance is highly competitive and need to keep consumers top of awareness is really value. This advertisement is reminding target customers having Full Option policy will make their life easy and great. Consumer also understand the need of insurance policy other than legal requirement. Happiness due to easy life is matter for everyone. Use of Symbols and Colors Usage of symbols to demonstrate the idea is great. They have taken the car rental driver went for wedding hire which is really important. Typical driverhas taken and insurance agents friendly service is well demonstrate with gentleman having hands on driver’s shoulders. Wedding car demonstrate the importance of the service. Color usage is really good by associating brand colors which is Yellow and Black. Logo and brand name is well establish, brand is hero not the models on ad. Services are well noted and contact number given for more information gathering. Consumer learning and involvement Consumer learning is just to get the fear of facing bit embarrassing situations and having the service remove their fears with happy face. Getting a motor insurance policy is little high involvement decision and they need to look at the core benefits and additional benefits they gain before take the policy. However, advertisement is not rational cognitive learning encouragement. It is feel advertisement with emotion and rational combination. Suggestions to Improve Due to Press advertisement, they could give more information to evaluate the service. Press is not like TV commercials creating great emotional feeling. Press is great to educate customers. When we look at this press advertisements, they just mention the services they offer and no much information given. Customer learning is less and if they need, they have to call and get the information. It is better to list the services with some good information to encourage customer to think and evaluate the service. Further this explain only one situation to make the fear on target customers, however, by using graphics , they could create different situations where we face difficult in real life. Combination of TV commercials. If they want to make only emotional appeal. It is the best way. How to cite Advertising Strategies in Sri Lankan Market, Essay examples

Patient Right to Refuse Treatment Essay Sample free essay sample

The jurisprudence recognizes the right of the patient to decline medical intervention. This right includes the refusal of life-saving intervention. which could take to decease. The look of a patient’s refusal could be made either before the disposal of the intervention or at a anterior and advanced clip. good in front of future incompetency ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . The acknowledgment by the jurisprudence of the patient’s right is so strong and resolute. such that the neglect of the patient’s wishes through the disposal of medical intervention despite his refusal would amount to battery ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . The above explained acknowledgment by the jurisprudence on the patient’s right to decline medical intervention reflects the policy of the jurisprudence to acknowledge the liberty of patients. which stands on a higher terms than the involvement of the province to protect the life and wellness of its citizens. However. this does non intend that the province wantonnesss its responsibility to protect its citizens’ lives. Patient liberty would merely be respected if it shows competency to make up ones mind on the portion of the patients. The ground behind this policy is that â€Å"the rule of the holiness of human life must give to the rule of self-government ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . † One issue sing consent or refusal of medical intervention is the rationality of the determination to continue single liberty over the value of holiness of human life. Furthermore. there is the inquiry of the necessary guidelines or marks before it could be decided that that a individual exercised all necessary and rational stairss before he arrived at a determination that could protract or restrict his life. A patient is a individual who has the right to make up ones mind everything that has to make with his ain life. However. together with this right comes the duty to move responsibly. Before a patient’s refusal of medical intervention. it must be ensured that he is competent to do such an of import determination. It must be ensured that he is apprised of all the facts necessary for him to do an intelligent determination. Therefore. the patient must be told about the â€Å"nature and intent of the process. † When doing the determination. the patient must non be influenced by external factors. Finally. it must be made clear that the determination would use to future fortunes ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . An advanced refusal against medical intervention is particularly debatable in state of affairss where the medical intervention is made necessary at a clip that the patient is no longer competent to do determination. In such state of affairss. the doctor can no longer measure the competency of the patient at the clip that the advanced directive was made. Therefore. it is hard to find the cogency and pertinence of such advanced directive. The ambiguity extends to the significance attached by the patient to the advanced directive at the clip that he executed it. There is no agency of determining the specific extent of the advanced directive ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . The finding of the cogency and pertinence of advanced directives is really critical because of the far-reaching effects that would ensue if the issue is decided in either way ( Murphy. 2005 ) . On the one manus. if the physician errs in favour of continuing life. he runs the hazard of being accused and prosecuted for battery. since the disposal of unwanted medical intervention would represent a misdemeanor of a patient’s liberty and unity as a individual. Furthermore. such determination might reprobate the patient to an undignified or intolerable life that he does non desire in the first topographic point ( Michalowski. 2005 ) . It is a policy to guarantee that the medical attention received by the patients be consistent with their penchants. if the rule of patient liberty would be given full consequence and significance. Despite the accent on single liberty in decision-making sing medical interventions. there are some who are concerned about the grounds behind any determination of a patient on this issue ( Winzelberg. Hanson A ; Tulsky. 2005 ) . Therefore. it is recognized that the determination of a patient to decline present or future medical intervention might be influenced by assorted factors such as his cultural and racial backgrounds. age. fiscal capableness. and cognitive abilities. These factors could cut down the competency of a patient in make up ones minding on the affair of whether medical intervention should be continued or non ( Winzelberg. Hanson A ; Tulsky. 2005 ) . Therefore. there is a demand to better the system of decision-making for patients to guarantee that there is no duress or other external factors act uponing his determination. thereby guaranting that single liberty is respected. One suggestion is to follow schemes in decision-making to guarantee patient liberty. Another suggestion is to better the communicating system between the patient and the physician in this phase of intervention so that the household would acquire aid in acquiring sufficient information about the unwellness of the patient. Such information is necessary before the patient could get at an intelligent determination sing his life ( Winzelberg. Hanson A ; Tulsky. 2005 ) . One issue about patient’s right to decline intervention involves the power and the right of kid patients to either consent or garbage intervention. In the same manner that the competency of incompetent grownups to make up ones mind at the clip that they executed their advanced directives could non be easy determined. the consent to intervention of kids below 16 old ages is non easy discoverable ( Parekh. 2006 ) . Similarly with grownups. there is a demand to find whether the consent or refusal of a kid towards medical intervention was given by a competent individual who could intelligently do a determination. However. in the present province of the jurisprudence. kids are non wholly considered to the full independent. such that they are merely allowed to give their consent to intervention but non to decline it ( Parekh. 2006 ) . In the instance of kids. there is no given of competency. Children are non believed to hold the necessary modules to understand all the deductions of their determinations. Therefore. the best involvement of the kid is frequently used to warrant their deficiency of engagement in the decision-making procedure when make up ones minding end-of-life determinations ( Parekh. 2006 ) . While it is true that there is cause for concern with respect to kids and their decision-making capacity. certain actions could be done to guarantee that kids are to the full informed of the state of affairs and the effects of their options. For illustration. kids could be informed of the medical. ethical and societal positions relevant to the state of affairs at manus. Thereafter. their liberty should be respected and their will should non be replaced by that of their parents or defenders. Bing the proprietors of their ain lives and organic structures. kids are no less human existences whose liberty should be respected in the same manner as grownups ( Parekh. 2006 ) . Therefore. while parental consent may be of import in any determination arrived at by minor kids. parents’ sentiment should merely be directory and non compulsory. Children. peculiarly those with terminal unwellnesss. should be accorded the right to make up ones mind whether they should force through with the hard and painful intervention procedure or succumb to their unwellness without fall backing to life-saving medical interventions ( Derish A ; Heuvel. 2000 ) . Mentions Prince alberts. W. M. ( 2007 ) . Follow up and surveillance of the patient with lung malignant neoplastic disease: What make you make after surgery?Respirology 12. 16-21 Derish. M. T. A ; Heuvel. K. V. ( 2000 ) . Mature Minor leagues Should Have the right to Refuse Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment.Journal of Law. Medicine A ; Ethical motives 28. 109- 124. Michalowski. S. ( 2005 ) . Advance Refusals of Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment: The Relativity of an Absolute Right.The Modern Law Review Limited 68( 6 ) . 958-982. Murphy. P. ( 2005 ) . Are Patients’ Decisions to Refuse Treatment Binding on Health Care Professionals?Bioethicss 19( 3 ) . 189-201. Parekh. S. A. ( 2006 ) . Child consent and the jurisprudence: an penetration and treatment into the jurisprudence associating to consent and competency. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. .Child: attention. wellness and development 33( 1 ) . 78-82. Stuhmiller. D. F. E. . Cudnik. M. T. . Sundhelm. S. M. . Threlkeld. M. S. A ; Collins. Jr. . T. E. ( 2005 ) . Adequacy of Online Medical Command Communication and Emergency Medical Services Documentation of Informed Refusals.Acad Emerg Med 12( 10 ) . 970-977. Winzelberg. G. S. . Hanson. L. C. A ; Tulsky. J. A. ( 2005 ) . Beyond Autonomy: Diversifying End-of-Life Decision-Making Approaches to Serve Patients and Families.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53. 1046-1050.